INTERVISTA A STRASBURGO
Pubblicato il 24 luglio 2007 | Nessun commento »
Pubblicato il 16 luglio 2007 | Nessun commento »
Pubblicato il 16 luglio 2007 | Nessun commento »
Pubblicato il 10 luglio 2007 | Nessun commento »
di Gianluca Susta
C’è una cosa che è stucchevole nel dibattito di questi giorni sulle pensioni e cioè l’atteggiamento di larga parte del mondo sindacale nel non voler capire che un tutto sommato piccolo sacrificio dei genitori oggi aiuta – e di molto! – i loro figli un domani.
Se c’era una cosa che, nella loro severità, nella loro durezza, contraddistingueva la generazione dei nostri padri e dei nostri nonni rispetto a noi, era l’assoluta subalternità dei loro interessi personali e delle loro esigenze di “qualità della vita” rispetto a quella dei loro figli.
Per comprare la casa; per farci studiare; per renderci meno difficile l’accesso agli studi non facevano le vacanze; facevano quindici giorni di ferie (a casa, nell’orto, nei campi) all’anno; si sobbarcavano decine di km. di auto, bus o treno al giorno. E noi che abbiamo, se non tutto, sicuramente molto non accettiamo di lavorare un anno o due in più pur di permettere ai nostri figli di poter un giorno godere di una pensione.
Viviamo in una terra in cui sappiamo cosa sia il lavoro in fabbrica; tutti ci rendiamo conto – perchè l’abbiamo “toccato” – che cosa voglia dire lavorare in una filatura a 40° con il 90% di umidità in estate; ma tutto ciò non ha impedito a molti di lavorare in fabbrica comunque fino a 60 anni e il sabato e la domenica pure nell’orto o nella vigna perchè risparmiare sulla verdura, sul vino o grazie al pollaio era la condizione per mandare i figli all’università.
Certo, il mondo va avanti e certi sacrifici sarebbero oggi profondamente ingiusti, soprattutto alla luce delle esigenze dei giovani di oggi. Ma c’è un giusto mezzo? Si può ragionevolmente sostenere che in Europa i “lavori usuranti” vi siano solo in Italia? E si può ragionevolmente sostenere che Germania, Danimarca, Olanda o Francia siano Paesi “sfruttatori”?
No! Non possiamo sostenerelo! E allora dobbiamo alzare l’età pensionabile, con gradualità, ma anche in fretta, prevedendo – semmai! – dei periodi “sabbatici” durante la carriera lavorativa delle persone che le rimotivino e le “stacchino” dall’usura della quotidianità.
Solo così ricreeremo le condizioni per un “patto intergenerazionale” vero; quel “patto” che da che mondo è mondo, seppur in forme diverse, ha permesso ai “padri” di lavorare sempre – dico sempre!
- salvo oggi, per il miglioramento delle condizioni di vita dei figli.
Gianluca Susta
Pubblicato il 10 luglio 2007 | Nessun commento »
di Gianluca Susta
C’è una cosa che è stucchevole nel dibattito di questi giorni sulle pensioni e cioè l’atteggiamento di larga parte del mondo sindacale nel non voler capire che un tutto sommato piccolo sacrificio dei genitori oggi aiuta – e di molto! – i loro figli un domani.
Se c’era una cosa che, nella loro severità, nella loro durezza, contraddistingueva la generazione dei nostri padri e dei nostri nonni rispetto a noi, era l’assoluta subalternità dei loro interessi personali e delle loro esigenze di “qualità della vita” rispetto a quella dei loro figli.
Per comprare la casa; per farci studiare; per renderci meno difficile l’accesso agli studi non facevano le vacanze; facevano quindici giorni di ferie (a casa, nell’orto, nei campi) all’anno; si sobbarcavano decine di km. di auto, bus o treno al giorno. E noi che abbiamo, se non tutto, sicuramente molto non accettiamo di lavorare un anno o due in più pur di permettere ai nostri figli di poter un giorno godere di una pensione.
Viviamo in una terra in cui sappiamo cosa sia il lavoro in fabbrica; tutti ci rendiamo conto – perchè l’abbiamo “toccato” – che cosa voglia dire lavorare in una filatura a 40° con il 90% di umidità in estate; ma tutto ciò non ha impedito a molti di lavorare in fabbrica comunque fino a 60 anni e il sabato e la domenica pure nell’orto o nella vigna perchè risparmiare sulla verdura, sul vino o grazie al pollaio era la condizione per mandare i figli all’università.
Certo, il mondo va avanti e certi sacrifici sarebbero oggi profondamente ingiusti, soprattutto alla luce delle esigenze dei giovani di oggi. Ma c’è un giusto mezzo? Si può ragionevolmente sostenere che in Europa i “lavori usuranti” vi siano solo in Italia? E si può ragionevolmente sostenere che Germania, Danimarca, Olanda o Francia siano Paesi “sfruttatori”?
No! Non possiamo sostenerelo! E allora dobbiamo alzare l’età pensionabile, con gradualità, ma anche in fretta, prevedendo – semmai! – dei periodi “sabbatici” durante la carriera lavorativa delle persone che le rimotivino e le “stacchino” dall’usura della quotidianità.
Solo così ricreeremo le condizioni per un “patto intergenerazionale” vero; quel “patto” che da che mondo è mondo, seppur in forme diverse, ha permesso ai “padri” di lavorare sempre – dico sempre!
- salvo oggi, per il miglioramento delle condizioni di vita dei figli.
Gianluca Susta
Pubblicato il 3 luglio 2007 | Nessun commento »
DRAFT IGC MANDATE
The present mandate will provide the exclusive basis and framework for the work of the IGC that will be convened according to paragraph 10 of the European Council conclusions.
I. GENERAL OBSERVATIONS
1. The IGC is asked to draw up a Treaty (hereinafter called "Reform Treaty") amending the existing Treaties with a view to enhancing the efficiency and democratic legitimacy of the enlarged
2. The Reform Treaty will contain two substantive clauses amending respectively the Treaty on the European Union (TEU) and the Treaty establishing the European Community. (TEC). The TEU will keep its present name and the TEC will be called Treaty on the Functioning of the Union, the
3. The TEU and the Treaty on the Functioning of the Union will not have a constitutional character. The terminology used throughout the Treaties will reflect this change: the term "Constitution" will not be used, the "Union Minister for Foreign Affairs" will be called High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy and the denominations "law" and "framework law" will be abandoned, the existing denominations "regulations", "directives" and "decisions" being retained. Likewise, there will be no article in the amended Treaties mentioning the symbols of the EU such as the flag, the anthem or the motto. Concerning the primacy of EU law, the IGC will adopt a Declaration recalling the existing case law of the EU Court of Justice[1].
4. As far as the content of the amendments to the existing Treaties is concerned, the innovations resulting from the 2004 IGC will be integrated into the TEU and the Treaty on the Functioning of the Union, as specified in this mandate. Modifications to these innovations introduced as a result of the consultations held with the Member States over the past 6 months are clearly indicated below. They concern in particular the respective competences of the EU and the Member States and their delimitation, the specific nature of the Common Foreign and Security Policy, the enhanced role of national parliaments, the treatment of the Charter of Fundamental Rights and a mechanism, in the area of police and judicial cooperation in criminal matters, enabling Member States to go forward on a given act while allowing others not to participate.
II. AMENDMENTS TO THE EU TREATY
5. Clause 1 of the Reform Treaty will contain the amendments to the present TEU.
In the absence of indications to the contrary in this mandate, the text of the existing Treaty remains unchanged.
6. The text of the first recital as agreed in the 2004 IGC will be inserted as a second recital into the Preamble.
7. The TEU will be divided into 6 Titles: Common Provisions (I), Provisions on democratic principles (II), Provisions on institutions (III), Provisions on enhanced cooperation (IV), General Provisions on the
Common Provisions (I)
8. Title I of the existing TEU, containing inter alia Articles on the Union’s values and objectives, on relations between the Union and the
9. The Article on fundamental rights will contain a cross reference[3] to the Charter on fundamental rights, as agreed in the 2004 IGC, giving it legally binding value and setting out the scope of its application.
10. In the Article on fundamental principles concerning competences it will be specified that the
Provisions on democratic principles (II)
11. This new Title II will contain the provisions agreed in the 2004 IGC on democratic equality, representative democracy, participatory democracy and the citizens’ initiative. Concerning national parliaments, their role will be further enhanced compared to the provisions agreed in the 2004 IGC (see Annex 1, Title II):
· The period given to national parliaments to examine draft legislative texts and to give a reasoned opinion on subsidiarity will be extended from 6 to 8 weeks (the Protocols on national Parliaments and on subsidiarity and proportionality will be modified accordingly).
· There will be a reinforced control mechanism of subsidiarity in the sense that if a draft legislative act is contested by a simple majority of the votes allocated to national parliaments, the Commission will re-examine the draft act, which it may decide to maintain, amend or withdraw. If it chooses to maintain the draft, the Commission will have, in a reasoned opinion, to justify why it considers that the draft complies with the principle of subsidiarity. This reasoned opinion, as well as the reasoned opinions of the national parliaments, will have to be transmitted to the EU legislator, for consideration in the legislative procedure. This will trigger a specific procedure:
- before concluding first reading under the ordinary legislative procedure, the legislator (Council and Parliament) shall consider the compatibility of the legislative proposal with the principle of subsidiarity, taking particular account of the reasons expressed and shared by the majority of national parliaments as well as the reasoned opinion of the Commission;
- If, by a majority of 55% of the members of the Council or a majority of the votes cast in the European Parliament, the legislator is of the opinion that the proposal is not compatible with the principle of subsidiarity, the legislative proposal shall not be given further consideration. (the Protocol on subsidiarity and proportionality will be modified accordingly).
A new general Article will reflect the role of the national parliaments.
Provisions on institutions (III)
12. The institutional changes agreed in the 2004 IGC will be integrated partly into the TEU and partly into the Treaty on the Functioning of the Union. The new Title III will give an overview of the institutional system and will set out the following institutional modifications to the existing system, i.e. the Articles on the Union’s institutions, the European Parliament (new composition), the European Council (transformation into an institution[4] and creation of the office of President), the Council (introduction of the double majority voting system and changes in the six-monthly Council presidency system, with the possibility of modifying it), the European Commission (new composition and strengthening of the role of its President), the Union Minister for Foreign Affairs (creation of the new office, its title being changed to High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy) and the Court of Justice of the European Union.[5]
13. The double majority voting system, as agreed in the 2004 IGC, will take effect on 1 November 2014, until which date the present qualified majority system (Article 205(2) TEC) will continue to apply. After that, during a transitional period until 31 March 2017, when a decision is to be adopted by qualified majority, a member of the Council may request that the decision be taken in accordance with the qualified majority as defined in Article 205(2) of the present TEC.
In addition, until 31 March 2017, if members of the Council representing at least 75% of the population or at least 75% of the number of Member States necessary to constitute a blocking minority as provided in Article [I-25(2)] indicate their opposition to the Council adopting an act by a qualified majority, the mechanism provided for in the draft Decision contained in Declaration nº 5 annexed to the Final Act of the 2004 IGC. As from 1 April 2017, the same mechanism will apply, the relevant percentages being, respectively, at least 55% of the population or at least 55% of the number of Member States necessary to constitute a blocking minority as provided in Article [I-25(2)].
Provisions on enhanced cooperation (IV)
14. Title IV (former Title VII of the existing TEU) will be amended as agreed in the 2004 IGC. The minimum number of Member States required for launching an enhanced cooperation will be nine.
General Provisions on the
15. In Title V of the existing TEU, a first new Chapter on the general provisions on the Union’s external action will be inserted containing two Articles, as agreed in the 2004 IGC, on the principles and objectives of the
Final Provisions (VI)
16. Title VI (former Title VIII of the existing TEU) will be amended as agreed in the 2004 IGC. There will in particular be an Article on the legal personality of the Union[8], an Article on voluntary withdrawal from the
III. AMENDMENTS TO THE EC TREATY
17. Clause 2 of the Reform Treaty will contain the amendments to the present TEC, which will become the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union.
18. The innovations as agreed in the 2004 IGC will be inserted into the Treaty by way of specific modifications in the usual manner. They concern the categories and areas of competences, the scope of qualified majority voting and of codecision, the distinction between legislative and non legislative acts, provisions inter alia on the Area of freedom, security and justice, the solidarity clause, the improvements to the governance of the euro, horizontal provisions such as the social clause, specific provisions such as public services, space, energy, civil protection, humanitarian aid, public health, sport, tourism, outermost regions, administrative cooperation, financial provisions (own resources, multiannual financial framework, new budgetary procedure).
19. The following modifications will be introduced compared to the results of the 2004 IGC (see Annex 2):
a) A new Article 1 will state the purpose of the Treaty on the functioning of the
b) In the Article on categories of competences, placed at the beginning of the TEC, it will be clearly specified that the Member States will exercise again their competence to the extent that the
c) In the Article on supporting, coordinating or complementary action, the introductory sentence will be amended so as to underline that the
d) In Article 18(3), as amended in the 2004 IGC, the phrase on the adoption of measures on passports, identity cards, residence permits and similar documents will be removed and transferred to a similar legal basis on this issue to be placed in the Title on the Area of freedom, security and justice, in the Article on border checks.
e) In Article 20 (diplomatic and consular protection), as amended in the 2004 IGC, the legal basis will be amended so as to provide in this field for adoption of directives establishing coordination and cooperation measures.
f) In Article 286 (personal data protection), as amended in the 2004 IGC, a subparagraph will be inserted stating that the rules adopted on the basis of this Article will be without prejudice to those adopted under the specific legal basis on this subject which will be introduced in the CFSP Title (the IGC will also adopt a declaration on personal data protection in the areas of police and judicial cooperation in criminal matters, as well as, where appropriate, specific entries in the relevant Protocols on the position of individual Member States clarifying their applicability in this respect).
g) In Article 42 (aggregation of insurance periods and export of social security benefits), an addition will be made to stress that the procedure is halted in the brake system if the European Council does not take any action within 4 months (see point 1) of Annex 2).[11]
h) Article 60 (freezing of assets to combat terrorism), as amended in the 2004 IGC, will be transferred towards the end of the Chapter on general provisions in the Title on the Area of freedom, security and justice.
i) On the issue of services of general economic interest (cf. Article 16, as amended in the 2004 IGC) a Protocol will be annexed to the Treaties.[12].
j) In the Chapter on general provisions applying to the area of freedom, security and justice, insertion of a provision about cooperation and coordination by Member States in the field of national security (see point 2)(a) of Annex 2).
k) In the Chapter on judicial cooperation in civil matters, paragraph 3 of the Article on such cooperation, as agreed in the 2004 IGC, will be modified so as to give a role to national parliaments in the "passerelle" clause on family law (see point 2)(b) of Annex 2).
l) In the Chapters on judicial cooperation in criminal matters and on police cooperation, as amended in the 2004 IGC, in the Articles on mutual recognition of judgments, minimum rules on definition of criminal offences and sanctions, the European Public Prosecutor, and police cooperation, a new mechanism will be inserted enabling Member States to go forward with adopting measures in this field while allowing others not to participate (see point 2)(c) and (d) of Annex 2).Moreover, the scope of the Protocol on the position of the United Kingdom and Ireland (1997) will be extended so as to include, in relation to the UK, and on the same terms, the Chapters on judicial cooperation in criminal matters and on police cooperation. It may also address the application of the Protocol in relation to Schengen building measures and amendments to existing measures. This extension will take account of the
m) In Article 100 (measures in case of severe difficulties in the supply of certain products), a reference to the spirit of solidarity between Member States and to the particular case of energy as regards difficulties in the supply of certain product will be inserted (see point 3) of Annex 2).
n) In Article 152 (public health), as amended in the 2004 IGC, point (d) on measures concerning monitoring, early warning of and combating serious cross border threats to health will be transferred to the paragraph on adoption of incentive measures (the IGC will also adopt a declaration clarifying the internal market aspect of measures on the quality and safety standards for medicinal products and devices).
o) In the Article on European space policy, agreed in the 2004 IGC, it will be specified that measures adopted may not entail harmonisation of the laws and regulations of the Member States.
p) In Article 174 (environment), as amended in the 2004 IGC, the particular need to combat climate change in measures at international level will be specified (see point 4) of Annex 2).
q) In the Article on energy, agreed in the 2004 IGC, a reference to the spirit of solidarity between Member States will be inserted (see point 5) of Annex 2), as well as a new point (d) on the promotion of interconnection of energy networks.
r) At the beginning of the Part on the Union’s external action, an Article will be inserted stating that the Union’s action on the international scene will be guided by the principles, will pursue the objectives and will be conducted in accordance with the general provisions on the Union’s external action which are laid down in Chapter 1 of Title V of the TEU.
s) In the Article on the procedure for concluding international agreements, it will be added that the agreement on the accession of the
t) Article 229 A (extension of ECJ jurisdiction on disputes relating to European intellectual property rights) will remain unchanged.
u) In Article 249 (definition of EU acts: regulation, directive and decision), in a new Section 1 on the
v) As a consequence of dropping the denominations "law" and "framework law", the innovations agreed in the 2004 IGC will be adapted, while maintaining the distinction between what is legislative and what is not and its consequences. Accordingly, after Article 249, three Articles will be introduced on, respectively, acts which are adopted in accordance with a legislative procedure, delegated acts and implementing acts. The Article on legislative acts will state that acts (regulations, directives or decisions) adopted under a legislative procedure (ordinary or special) will be legislative acts. The terminology in the Articles on delegated and implementing acts, as agreed in the 2004 IGC, will be adapted accordingly.
w) In Article 308 (flexibility clause), as amended in the 2004 IGC, a paragraph will be added stating that this Article cannot serve as a basis for attaining objectives pertaining to the CFSP, and that any acts adopted pursuant to this Article will have to respect the limits set out in Article [III-308, second subparagraph].[13]
x) After Article 308, an Article will be inserted excluding from the coverage of the simplified revision procedure those legal bases which were not covered by this procedure in the texts as agreed in the 2004 IGC.
20. &nbs
Pubblicato il 3 luglio 2007 | Nessun commento »